What to Know About 'Rabbit Fever' After New York Reports 3 Probable Cases

Health authorities in New York are currently investigating three probable cases of tularemia, a rare but potentially serious bacterial infection commonly referred to as “rabbit fever.” While the disease is not typically spread from person to person, its emergence has prompted public health officials to remind residents about the risks associated with wildlife and outdoor activities.

Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is a zoonotic disease, meaning it is transmitted from animals to humans. The bacteria are found widely in nature, primarily infecting rodents, rabbits, and hares. However, it can also affect other mammals, birds, and even some insects.

There are several ways humans can contract the infection. The most common route is through the bite of infected insects, such as ticks and deer flies. Handling infected animal carcasses, particularly rabbits or hares, is another significant risk factor. The bacteria can enter the body through skin abrasions, the eyes, or through inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols, which can occur during activities like lawn mowing or landscaping in areas where infected animals have died.

Symptoms of tularemia can vary significantly depending on how the bacteria entered the body. The most common form, ulceroglandular tularemia, typically presents with a skin ulcer at the site of the infection, accompanied by swollen and painful lymph glands. In cases where the bacteria are inhaled, it can lead to pneumonic tularemia, which causes fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Other symptoms may include sudden fever, chills, headaches, and muscle aches.

Public health experts emphasize that while tularemia can be severe, it is treatable with antibiotics. The key to successful recovery is early diagnosis and intervention. Because the symptoms can mimic other illnesses, such as the flu or severe skin infections, individuals who suspect they have been exposed to the bacteria should seek medical evaluation promptly.

To reduce the risk of contracting rabbit fever, health departments offer several preventative recommendations. When spending time outdoors, particularly in wooded or grassy areas, individuals should use insect repellent containing DEET and wear long sleeves and pants to prevent tick and fly bites. Performing thorough tick checks after outdoor activity is also advised.

Furthermore, people should avoid handling wild animals, especially those that appear sick or are found dead. If one must handle wildlife, wearing gloves is essential. It is also important to practice good hygiene by washing hands thoroughly after outdoor activities or after handling pets that may have been in contact with wild animals.

While the current cases in New York are being investigated as “probable,” the reports serve as a timely reminder of the importance of environmental awareness. Tularemia is not considered a common disease, and outbreaks are typically localized. There is no evidence to suggest a widespread threat to the general public, but health officials remain vigilant in tracking these cases and conducting epidemiological investigations to identify the source of the exposure.

For most people, the threat of tularemia remains low, provided that basic precautions are followed. As investigations continue, authorities will likely provide updates regarding the specifics of these cases and any additional guidance for residents. Staying informed and taking simple protective measures remains the best way to enjoy the outdoors safely.

Consult a healthcare professional.