Two Cyclosporiasis Cases Confirmed in New Hampshire

Health officials in New Hampshire have officially confirmed two cases of cyclosporiasis, a gastrointestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite. The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) released the information this week, alerting the public to the presence of the infection and offering guidance on how to avoid contracting the parasite.

Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the Cyclospora cayetanensis parasite. Unlike many other foodborne illnesses that are caused by bacteria like Salmonella or E. coli, this condition is caused by a protozoan. People typically become infected after consuming food or water that has been contaminated with feces containing the parasite. It is important to note that the illness is not spread directly from person to person; it must be ingested through contaminated sources.

State health experts explain that the most common vehicle for the parasite is fresh produce. In past outbreaks across the United States, the illness has frequently been linked to imported fresh fruits and vegetables, such as cilantro, basil, raspberries, and snow peas. Because the parasite is microscopic, it cannot be seen, tasted, or smelled on food, which makes proper preparation essential for safety.

The symptoms of cyclosporiasis can be uncomfortable and, for some, quite persistent. The most common sign of the infection is watery diarrhea, often accompanied by a frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movement. Other symptoms reported by patients include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. Some individuals may also experience low-grade fever or vomiting. Symptoms typically begin about one week after the ingestion of the parasite, though they can appear anywhere from two days to two weeks later. Without proper medical treatment, the illness can last for several weeks or even months, often characterized by a cycle of symptoms that seem to improve and then return.

Health officials emphasize that the most effective way to prevent infection is through stringent food hygiene practices. While washing produce is a common recommendation, it is important to understand that while washing can reduce the amount of debris and some surface contamination, it may not remove all Cyclospora parasites if they are embedded in the crevices of fruits or vegetables. Therefore, buying produce from reliable sources and maintaining clean preparation areas is critical.

To help mitigate risks, the DHHS recommends several basic food safety steps. First, always wash hands with soap and warm water before and after handling fresh produce. Second, wash all fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water, even if you plan to peel them. If the produce has a firm surface, such as a melon, use a clean scrub brush to remove potential contaminants. Finally, keep produce separate from raw meat, poultry, and seafood during storage and preparation to prevent cross-contamination.

For those who suspect they may have contracted cyclosporiasis, health authorities advise seeking medical attention. Diagnosis usually requires a specific stool test, as the parasite is not always detected during routine stool cultures. Because the symptoms mimic many other gastrointestinal issues, a doctor's confirmation is necessary to ensure the correct treatment, which usually involves a course of antibiotics.

As the investigation into the New Hampshire cases continues, the DHHS is working to determine if the infections are linked to any specific food products or regional outbreaks. Residents are encouraged to stay informed and follow the latest updates from state health agencies regarding potential food recalls or additional safety warnings. By remaining vigilant about food sourcing and preparation, the public can significantly lower the risk of infection during this period.